General sports injuries; strain fractures, calf pain, tendinitis, jogger’s knee, hamstring injury, weightlifting back, tennis elbow, and foot sprains. Many different activities can cause them. To diagnose sports or other musculoskeletal injury, the doctor will ask when and how the injury occurred, and what recreational and professional activities the person has been doing recently or routinely. He also examines the injured area. The person may be referred to a specialist for further testing. Diagnostic tests include x-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arthroscopy (viewing the joint with a small microscope inserted into it), electromyography (recording of electrical currents created by a moving muscle), and computer-assisted muscle and joint function. the test may take place.

Treatment

For almost all sports injuries, immediate actions include rest, ice, compression, and elevation. The injured area is immediately rested to minimize internal bleeding and swelling and prevent the condition from worsening. Ice causes the vessels to constrict, helping to limit inflammation and reduce pain. Covering the injured area with tape or an elastic bandage (compression) and elevating the injured area above the level of the heart (elevation) will help limit swelling. Ice packs or compressed or shaped ice packs, which are more suitable for the body shape than ice cubes, can be kept on a towel spread over the injured part for 10 minutes. An elastic bandage may be loosely wrapped around the ice pack and the injured area. The injured part is held up, but the ice is removed for 10 minutes and then applied for 1-1.5 hours, held for 10 minutes, and then removed for 10 minutes. This process can be repeated several times during the first 24 hours.

Ice reduces pain and swelling in several ways. The injured area swells because blood leaks from the vessels. The cold narrows the vessels, reducing the possibility of leakage, thus limiting the amount of fluid, and swelling in the injured part. Lowering the temperature of the skin over the wound can reduce pain and muscle spasms. It also slows down cellular processes and limits tissue destruction.

However, applying ice for too long can also damage tissue. When the skin reaches a low temperature, it reflexively expands the vessels in the area. The skin turns red, feels hot and itchy, and may sting. These effects usually occur 9-16 minutes after the application of ice and subside 4-8 minutes after the ice is removed. Therefore, ice should be taken when these effects occur, or 10 minutes after the application of ice, whichever occurs first; it can only be applied again after 10 minutes.

Injecting corticosteroids into an injured joint or surrounding tissue relieves pain, reduces swelling, and can sometimes be a helpful addition to rest. However, these injections can delay the healing process, increase the risk of tendon and cartilage injury, and allow a person to use an injured joint before it is fully healed, perhaps making the injury worse.

Physical therapists can create a treatment plan by combining exercise with heat, cold, electricity, sound waves, traction, or water in addition to therapeutic exercises. Special shoe molds can be recommended. How much physical therapy will be needed depends on the severity and complexity of the injury.

Until the wound heals, the activity or sport that caused the injury should be avoided. Instead of giving up all physical activity completely, it may be preferable to do activities that can replace the activity in question, but do not strain the injured area; because complete inactivity causes muscles to lose mass, strength, and endurance. For example, after a week of rest, it will be necessary to exercise for 2 weeks to return to the level before the injury. Activities that can be done are cycling, swimming, and rowing when the lower leg or foot is injured; jogging, swimming, and rowing in place when the upper leg hurts; cycling and swimming when the lower back hurts; it is also jogging when the shoulder or arm hurts.